President Yoweri Kaguta Museveni has signed the Protection of Sovereignty Act, 2026 into law, officially bringing the controversial legislation into force. State House announced the assent on May 17.
The new law is intended to regulate foreign-linked political activity in Uganda and strengthen government oversight over individuals or organizations acting on behalf of foreign interests. It designates the department responsible for peace and security under the Ministry of Internal Affairs as the implementing authority.
The Act introduces requirements for certain agents of foreign entities to register with the government and disclose details about their operations, funding, and foreign affiliations. The final version passed by Parliament was scaled back from earlier drafts after criticism from financial institutions and civil society groups.
One of the most debated sections of the law creates offences related to promoting foreign interests against Uganda’s national interests. Critics say the wording could be used broadly against political actors and civil society, while government officials say it is meant to protect national sovereignty from external interference.
The law also gives authorities powers to monitor compliance, including oversight of foreign political funding and penalties for operating without required registration. Implementation is expected to begin through the relevant government agencies under existing legal frameworks.
The signing has sparked debate across Uganda, with supporters saying it will protect the country’s independence in decision-making, while critics argue it could tighten restrictions on political dissent and foreign-supported civic activities.